A fertility specialist is a medical professional who specializes in diagnosing and treating fertility problems, in order to help people who have been unsuccessfully trying to have a baby. Fertility specialists treat conditions associated with both male and female infertility.

Common fertility-related conditions treated by fertility specialists include ovulation problems, hormonal disorders, weight or age-related infertility, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, fibroids, blocked fallopian tubes, abnormal sperm production, azoospermia, fertility related to certain genetic conditions.

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a type of assisted reproductive technology (ART) where sperm and an egg are fertilized outside of the human body. IVF is a complex process that involves retrieving eggs from ovaries and manually combining them with sperm in a lab for fertilization. Several days after fertilization, the fertilized egg (now called an embryo) is placed inside a uterus. Pregnancy occurs when this embryo implants itself into the uterine wall.